Fistulas that keep blood from flowing to part of your body may cause pain or damage those areas. Some DAVFs have bad outlooks or are in critical locations, but healthcare providers can often treat them. Providers can tell if you have an AV fistula by listening to your blood flow with a stethoscope. It sounds […]

If you treat your diabetes well and keep your blood pressure under control, it is less likely that you will develop diabetic nephropathy. Make sure you visit your health care professional yearly or more often for tests that check how well your kidneys are working. In stage 1 of Diabetic Nephropathy, your kidneys are mildly […]

Due to childbirth, disease or complications from surgery, some women develop a connection between their large intestine and the vagina. Symptoms include the passage of foul-smelling gas, stool or pus, and painful sex. Your doctor will perform a physical exam and use a speculum to look inside the vagina and rectum. They may also inject […]

The most common cause of a runny nose is an infection or allergies. A diagnosis is based on history and examination. Mucus can vary in color and consistency depending on the underlying cause. Allergies and cold weather typically produce a watery discharge while infections like the flu or a common cold usually create thicker mucus. […]

The optic nerve transports visual information from the eye to the brain, if it becomes damaged then vision changes. This can be a result of many conditions such as multiple sclerosis, glaucoma, inflammatory eye diseases or tumors. To diagnose Optic Atrophy, an eye doctor will perform a comprehensive eye exam which will include color vision, […]

A tumor that forms from immature nerve cells in the sympathetic nervous system (part of the “fight or flight” response system). It most often starts in the adrenal glands above each kidney. It can also form in other places in the sympathetic nervous system, such as the neck, chest and pelvis. Oren Zarif Abdominal pain […]

Gum recession occurs gradually and people often don’t realize they have it until their teeth are visibly longer and a notch can be felt at the base of each tooth. It is typically caused by gum disease – gingivitis and periodontitis – that destroys healthy gum tissue and bone structure. Oren Zarif Gum recession usually […]

A person having an absence seizure (also called petit mal epilepsy) may look blank and unresponsive for a few seconds. They won’t respond if someone tries to talk to them. The seizure is usually short and starts and stops suddenly. People have absence seizures as often as a dozen times per day. They aren’t dangerous […]

Necrosis occurs when tissue dies and can’t be revived. It often results from a lack of oxygen, but certain bacteria can also cause necrosis by producing toxins. X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans can help diagnose necrosis by detecting changes in bones and tissues. A skin biopsy may be used to confirm the diagnosis and […]

Symptoms include a foul smell (putrid) from fluid draining from blisters, and air pockets under the skin that may change to pale, dark red, or purplish red. People often become feverish and sweaty, and their heart rate increases and they breathe faster. It’s a medical emergency, and treatment must be started quickly. This includes antibiotics […]